The study aims to investigate the successful way of the biodiesel fuel used in the engines of urban and intercity bus companies. It was necessary to investigate and analyze, technologically, if the using biodiesel fuel presents problems relative to wear of parts directly involved with fuel and also to observe consumption fluctuations of this fuel. Fossil diesel fuel and B5 biodiesel blends were analytically analyzed, including relative to sulfur content. Two urban and intercity bus companies, had 41 and 13 vehicles, respectively, which were investigated in this work. It was analyzed 2008 until 2010 and were interviewed the management of the maintenance team of bus companies relative to aspects concerning to substitution of the diesel fuel by the B5 biodiesel. According to consumption evaluation, there was a nonlinear boost (≈ 5 %) in the consumption of fuel when diesel was changed to B5 biodiesel blend, but it not was observed any additional maintenance related to use of this last fuel. This was rewarded by the emission reductions of chemical compound nitrogen dioxide and sulfur content, as measured by Fernandes (2011). Also, the functionality and residual life in service of the buses using diesel blends are discussed.

This article aims to publicize the actions undertaken by the Institutional Scholarship Program Initiation to Teaching - PIBID - Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN, more specifically the actions of the subproject's Degree in Geography in the Escola Estadual Antonio Pinto de Medeiros, Pitimbu located in the neighborhood, the East of the city of Natal / RN, and his contributions in promoting the citizenship of students assisted by the program. Performs addition, a brief description of PIBID and its relevance in the initial training for future teachers of Geography.

This paper aims to describe the activities in the Escola Estadual Professor Gerson Lopes in the period April 2010 to April 2012. Front of the various difficulties to expose the contents of the discipline of chemistry and experience within the classroom, we sought the inclusion of common activities on the day to day students. Seeking to encourage students through laboratory practices, learning games to gain more interest in the discipline of chemistry showing the importance of reducing costs in the School. The production of these materials – games and cleaning products, is part of the project activities of the Programa de Iniciação a Docência-PIBID/CAPES of the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte-Campus- IFRN Apodi.

This study aims to compare, in broad terms, the American and European Higher Education from the American Evaluation System and the Bologna Process. Identifying and understanding the recent changes in higher education. It analyzes the main characteristics of both systems by examining the continued interconnection of the spaces of higher education policy. Our results indicate that the Bologna Declaration calls for urgent requirements of the international competitiveness of higher education. It has been considered a "key" to promote mobility, exceeding the U.S. higher education, and the resultant loss of interest of foreign students.

This essay is a delimitation of the book “Aprendendo com o Vestibular da UFRN” (it could be translated as Learning with UFRN's Vestibular Exam), in which it has been investigated the errors and the learning difficulties concerned to the multi-choice and discursive tests of Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Mathematics of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte's selection process. The current study presents an analysis of the candidates performance in the discursive questions of Mathematics and Chemistry in which they have obtained the worst grades. It intends to comprehend what mental processes and abilities mobilize the concepts, the difficulties and the alternative conceptions associated to the learning’s. The errors analysis and the candidates' learning difficulties may be a way to demystify some of the pedagogical common sense conceptions of Sciences and Mathematics teachers, who admit as natural the failure during the learning of their school subjects. It is understood that the difficulties must be object of a critical reflection in order to make them able to hypothesize about the student's error causes, relating them to the own difficulties of the subjects' nature. When they are taken as a study object, those pieces of information provide to the students the possibility of learning with their errors; and to the teachers, the orientation of teaching guided to recognize the error as a necessary step during the learning process. The current analysis is fundamental when it is considered the formative dimension of Vestibular exam and it is not only reported as a selection process of candidates who achieve a vacancy at UFRN.

The expansion of the Web, the advent of new information and communication technologies and popularization of mobile devices made possible new aspects for management, interaction and information sharing. In petroliferous area, monitoring systems on mobile devices have been used for process optimization, data monitoring, reporting, alarm generation and identification of failures in real-time on oil wells platforms. However, there are few systems that identify efficiently problems due the fact they do not use techniques of real-time systems. This paper proposes the SiMoS system, a real-time system for remote monitoring oil wells platforms through mobile devices.

Medicinal plants, though they constitute a valid slope of Traditional Medicine, can represent a potential risk to human health when misused. The consumption of contaminated products may cause severe poisoning by byproducts that occur in pathogenic microorganisms. This paper aims to evaluate the micro biological quality of handmade Peumus boldus Molina samples, commercialized at the popular market and compare them in terms of micro biological quality with the same industrialized types, dealt at the local retailing market. The following ones were specified: aerobic mesophilic (plate count agar, 35±1°C/24h), total coliforms/ Escherichia coli ( Presumptive test: LST broth, 35±0,5°C/24-48±2; CT: VB broth, 35±0,5°C/24-48±2; E. coli: EC broth, 44,5±0,2°C/24±2h; L-EMB agar, 35±0,5°C/24±2h), molds and yeasts ( potato dextrose agar, 25±1°C/5 days) and Staphylococcus aureus (Baird- Parker agar, 35-37°C/24±2h). For confirming the E. coli, colonies were put to biochemical proofs of the series IMViC. The E. coli was present in 10% of the samples, the S. aureus in 50%, molds and yeasts in 80% and aerobic mesophilic in 100% of the analized samples. The study found out that neither the industrialized samples nor the handmade ones were according to the sanitary and microbiological standard specifications for the market, resulting in potential risks for public health.

A huge amount of pages is published on the Web every day. Consequently, users find it ever more difficult to localize those pages. The challenge is to facilitate this localization and overall to select only information that is actually relevant. Therefore, there is an evident need for users to utilize personalized mechanisms that present adequate information and offer coherent recommendations. In the attempt of providing such to the countless web users, in the last years, several researches are being conducted in the areas of Web Usage Mining (WUM). Is this paper, we have conducted a research on several approaches to web systems of recommendation available in the literature and one of our goals is to contribute to the work of other researchers in the area.

Web services are based on message exchange as a means of integrating disparate systems that are independent of communication protocol, platform and programming language. The growing number of software components available as Web services makes new systems can be designed from the composition of the various services available, because often one service does not meet user requirements, giving rise to SOA - Architecture service-oriented. The language pews (Predicate path-Expression for Web Services) is a language used to specify the order and conditional restrictions on which web service operations are performed. The purpose of this work is the creation of an Extractor plugin that is part of the pews Editor, with the primary function, verify that the relation between the operations and services used in the composition by front-end tool are valid. After implementation, analysis and validation we concluded that the plugin has successfully verified the operations of the case study and it is important to have this check, because, whether the service actually used in the composition provides that operation demonstrates that the structure of the composition is not committed to operations in non-existent services.

The use of photovoltaic solar energy for electricity generation has been even more considered in many countries worldwide as an excellent alternative to reduce the man-made environmental impacts, especially those associated with climate changes. In countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Spanish and other, specific regulatory mechanisms have been developed to stimulate its use either through governmental programs or financial and/or tax incentives. The main common motivations for the development of these programs are the diversification of the energy sources traditionally used; the incentive to the industry of PV equipment; and the environmental concern, mainly with the reduction of CO2 emissions. In the Brazilian case, despite the large solar resource potential, many things still need to be done. Only a small number of initiatives were undertaken to encourage solar photovoltaic energy, but still very small when compared to the countries mentioned above. In this sense, this paper has the purpose of presenting the evolution of the regulatory incentives concerned to the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil over the years.

Keratin fibers (KF) from chicken feathers were subjected to thermal analysis - Thermogravimetric (TG). This work is based on the curves obtained by TG and its Derivative (DTG) from the natural feather (KF), treated with Sodium Hydroxide (KFNaOH), Semi Carbonized Feathers but Clear (SCFC) and but Dark (SCFD), aimed at achieving a better cycle carbonization (pyrolysis) for this type of precursor. Also the present work compare thermal behavior their. One part of the KF was treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), and it was observed from TG/DTG result, that the thermal resistance of the material was not affected. The other part of KF was semi-carbonized (220°C) without controlled the of environment and the of rates of heating and cooling, thus presenting different colors, of which SCFC was clearer and SCFC was darker. It was noted that from the curves of TG/DTG, this cycle of treatment is not ideal for the obtention of carbon. It was also confirmed in the curves of TG/DTG that feathers carbonized by pyrolysis (CF), there was an increase in thermal stability compared to all other samples.

The present work had for objective to evaluate the viability technique of the application of cepas specific of commercial microorganisms (bioaccumulation) in the treatment of effluent industrials. For this in case that specific deriving samples of the process of improvement of the cashew chestnut had been used, effluent an oily one and of difficult biodegradation. For such, the operational conditions (presence of oxygen and agitation mechanics), the involved front the efficiency of removal of the organic constituent gifts in the samples and operational aspects had been analyzed. It was observed that the application of the aerobic technique with agitation, if showed viable. However, complementary studies if make necessary to optimize such operational conditions, mainly, to adjust to the relation substratum and alive substance.

Nowadays, didactics games are getting space in classrooms where teachers use this tool with a goal to supplement the educational resources and make the class more dynamic and interactive, not just as a way of transmitting knowledge, but also as a share of it. Therefore, this article aims to propose an educational game for teaching chemical nomenclature in the theme of organics functions, as well as to report the experience of applying this subside in the high school in Natal city of Rio Grande do Norte state. After the game application during the class, it was observed aspects such as motivation and students interest in discovering the nomenclature of the compounds formed. So we have that this proposal has met their goals, which concludes that the game can be an excellent alternative auxiliary /supplementary in the Teaching of Chemistry.